Engine block
Crankshaft
Pistons
Connecting rods
Valves
Cylinder head
Crankcase
Timing and camshafts
Battery, ignition
Spark plugs
Alternator
Starter motor
Controller
Power supply and injection system
Filters
Intake system
Turbocharger
Exhaust system
Catalytic converters
Probes
Radiator
Water pump
Hoses
Thermostat
Intercooler
Lubrication system
Internal combustion vehicles (ICEs) are powered by a heat engine, in which part of the energy released by burning fuel is converted into motion.
Many technologies are available to improve the efficiency of the combustion engine:
Gasoline direct injection: The air-fuel mixture is injected directly into the combustion chamber by means of high-pressure fuel injection. This provides higher compression and, in turn, greater efficiency, helping to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions while improving performance.
Common-rail diesel system: It achieves fuel atomization far superior to that obtained by conventional injection systems. This optimizes the spontaneous ignition process of the mixture when compressed in diesel engines. It enables power and torque to be achieved throughout the entire engine speed range, as well as lower fuel consumption and a reduction in emissions, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons.
Exhaust gas treatment system: It injects a 32.5% aqueous solution of urea (AdBlue) into the exhaust gas stream. The urea is converted to ammonia by thermolysis and hydrolysis and passes to the catalytic converter, where nitrogen oxide is reduced to water and nitrogen.
Start-stop system: This stops the combustion engine when it detects that the car has stopped, without deactivating any other vehicle mechanism, thus reducing fuel consumption.
Cylinder disconnection system: In conditions of low load or engine demand, half or part of the cylinders do not combust, reducing fuel consumption and emissions by up to 20%.
Coasting mode: The transmission is disengaged and the vehicle moves by its own inertia, saving fuel. This function is available on some automatic transmissions equipped with combustion cars.
Brake dust filtration: The brake dust particulate filter is installed directly in the calliper and retains emissions of this type of dust, harmful to health and the environment. The replacement of this filter would coincide with the replacement of the brake pads.